bplist00_WebMainResource_WebSubresources
^WebResourceURL_WebResourceTextEncodingName_WebResourceMIMEType_WebResourceData_WebResourceFrameName_Bhttp://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/-page=featauth/-author=487/1751-8121UUTF-8Ytext/htmlOY
60 seconds with ... Authors Edition
60 seconds with ... Authors Edition
Dr Nuno M Romao
View Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical authors or
all authors grouped by
journal in the 60 seconds with ... Authors Edition. The original edition
of 60 seconds with ...
is also available.
Dr Nuno M Romao
Q: What led you into science and your chosen area of research?
A: At school, I was interested (among other things) in the natural sciences and in mathematics. I then thought physics would be a subject where I could be involved with both. As a student, I became increasingly interested in mathematics and the more conceptual aspects of physics, and this led me to concentrate on the theory of elementary particles and later on mathematical physics.
Q: Can you describe the results in your paper, Nuno M Romão 2005 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38 9127-9144and their importance for your field?
A: In this paper, I derive some exact results about a system of vortices in a field theory with gauge symmetry U(1) (i.e. the circle). Vortices are examples of "solitons" (extended particles) in two dimensions, and a lot of details about their physical behaviour at low energy can be understood by studying the geometry of the space of all vortex configurations with the same vortex number. What I did in the paper was to extend a well-known model for vortex dynamics to incorporate interactions between the vortices and an external potential in a natural way. For a simple potential (namely the height function on a sphere where the vortices live), I realised that you can get just enough information from rotational symmetry to compute the partition function of the system exactly and derive some thermodynamical consequences from it. My calculations make use of a famous localisation formula in symplectic geometry, and provide insight on the vortex system independent of the particular potential I have used. I should point out that partition functions for this system had been calculated before (using other methods), but only in a noninteracting regime where the vortices exert no net forces among themselves. My work is original as it is a first step to understand the fully interacting regime of vortices on a sphere; besides, it is very satisfactory that all my results are analytical.
Q: What research projects are you working on at the moment?
A: Most of the projects I am involved with at the moment are connected to the physics of topological solitons -- not only vortices but also monopoles and solitons in sigma-models. For example, a project that I am just completing (with Paul Norbury at the University of Melbourne) addresses the calculation of the mass of magnetic monopoles living in hyperbolic 3-space when you are given their "spectral curve" (a compact Riemann surface associated with them). These objects have a rich structure that has been much exploited in the euclidean limit, but then the geometry simplifies and monopoles of different masses can be identified. We managed to compute several explicit examples of spectral curves of any mass, and now hope to understand better how changing the mass qualitatively affects the way we can think about hyperbolic monopoles.
Q: What do you think will be the next big breakthrough in your field?
A: This is a difficult question, as no one can predict where a ground-breaking idea might come from. On the broader stage of high-energy physics, however, I expect that the next firm long step forward might well be the vindication (or not) of the ideas surrounding supersymmetry, which will be probed experimentally at the LHC accelerator, scheduled to start running in 2007. These ideas have been useful in mathematics and it is almost unbelievable that nature would not make use of them too.
Q: What book are you reading right now?
A: I usually read several books at the same time, picking one or another at a given moment according to mood. My current list is: (i) Looking for Spinoza by Antonio Damasio; (ii) Der Blaue Reiter by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc (manifesto of the expressionistic movement based in Munich, pre-WWI); (iii) Eucalyptus by Murray Bail (I got interested in Australian fiction recently); (iv) the second book of short stories by Antonio Lobo Antunes; (v) Bird Life by Ian Rowley, an account of the birdlife of Australia.
Q: If you could have dinner with any 3 people, past or present,
who would they be and why?
A: This is another difficult one. Although I have no complaints about the living people I've had dinner with recently, I would definitely choose "past" illustrious guests if I were given the choice. Someone like Dirac wouldn't do, as interaction at table is also important. I might choose (say) Einstein, Goethe and Feynman. Hard to say which language(s) would be spoken -- Feynman is known to have been fluent in Portuguese.
Q: What has been the most exciting moment in your career so far?
A: There have been exciting moments, but I hope the most exciting one is still to come.
Copyright ©
Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing Limited 2008.Cookies
| Data Protection .
P "&*/3_WebResourceResponse_ http://ej.iop.org/style/EJ.cssObplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _ http://ej.iop.org/style/EJ.css./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$Uu
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=100UbytesZApache/2.0Xtext/css_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:23 GMTT3525_"3826a3-dc5-27336a80"_ Thu, 07 Feb 2008 16:42:02 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionary
./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
-2;FIOXacjr},2=Ffk g Xtext/cssO
/*
$Id: EJ.css,v 1.36 2008/01/31 17:54:49 pmh Exp $
Stylesheet for EJ, all pages except fulltext HTML
*/
body, ol, ul, li, p, td, dt, dd, dl, .std {
font-family: arial,helvetica,verdana,sans-serif;
font-size: small;
}
p.first {
margin-top: 0px;
}
.sanserif, .smlw, .smlg, .tinb, .lrg, .bss {
font-family: arial,helvetica,verdana,sans-serif;
}
code {
font-family: courier,fixed;
font-size: small;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 .h1, .h2, .h3, .h4, .h5, .h6 {
font-family: arial,helvetica,verdana,sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
color: #000066;
margin-bottom: 0px;
}
h1, .h1 {
font-size: x-large;
}
h2, .h2 {
font-size: large;
}
h3, .h3, .lrg, .absauth {
font-size: medium;
}
h4, .h4, .cite, .times {
font-size: small;
}
h5, .h5, .cite_small, .sml, .smltxt {
font-size: x-small;
}
h6, .h6, .timessml {
font-size: small;
}
a:link, .dblue {
color: #000066;
}
a:visited {
color: #666666;
}
a:hover, .orange {
color: #ff6600;
}
form {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.smlw {
font-size: x-small;
color: #ffffff;
}
.smlg {
font-size: x-small;
color: #666666;
}
.tinb {
font-size: xx-small;
color: #000066;
}
.nolinkw {
color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: none;
}
.w {
color: #ffffff;
}
.blk {
color: #000000;
}
.smlblk, .subnav {
font-size: x-small;
color: #000000;
/* line-height:2em;*/
}
.tnyblk {
font-size: xx-small;
color: #000000;
}
.tnysubnav {
font-size: xx-small;
color: #000000;
}
.red {
color: #ff0000;
}
.blue {
color: #0000CC;
}
.hlight {
color: #cc0000;
background: #ffff99;
font-weight: bold;
}
.toclink { font-size: x-small
}
.cite_title {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: small;
}
.cite_volume {
font-weight: bold;
}
.cite_journal_full {
font-style: italic;
}
/* Netscape 4.x - help pages (font-family is defined above) */
.bss {
font-weight: bold;
}
dl.help dt {
font-weight: bold;
margin: 0 0 0.5em 0;
}
dl.help dd {
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
/* content areas only. */
.tocTitle, .tocAuth, .timessml, .times, .h3times, .h2times, .absauth,
.cite, .cite_small,
.timesb, .timesi {
font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;
color: #000000;
}
.tocTitle {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: small;
}
.tocAuth {
font-style: italic;
font-size: small;
}
.h3times {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: medium;
}
.h2times {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: large;
}
.timesb {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: small;
}
.timesi {
font-style: italic;
font-size: small;
}
/* Toc entry frames */
.toc_left {
border-width: 1px;
border-color: Black;
border-style: solid none none none;
}
.toc_right {
border-width: 1px;
border-color: Black;
border-style: solid none none solid;
}
.repos_abstr {
margin-left:1.5em;
}
.repos_abstr_pink {
margin-left:1.5em;
background-color: #FF99CC;
}
#topnav a {
color: #fff;
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none;
}
#sponsored-search {
text-align: center;
}
#sponsored-search a.sst-url {
color: #f30;
}
.sixtytitle {
line-height:30px;
height:25px;
background-color: #6699CC;
color: white;
padding-left:32px;
background: #6699CC 3px 0px url(/icons/EJ4/60secs_.gif) no-repeat;
}
#sixtycol1 {
float: left;
width: 50%;
}
#sixtycol2 {
float: right;
width: 50%;
}
img.sixtyauth {
border: 1px solid black;
margin: 0px 5px 0px 5px;
}
/* IMPACT FACTOR STYLE */
#impfac p {
background-color: #ccc;
border-top:5px solid #f00;
padding: 1px 0px 0px 2px;
margin-top:0px;
font-size:x-small;
width: 125px;
}
#impfac strong {
font-size:x-large;
color:red;
}
_(http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/h_IoP_sm.gifObplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _(http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/h_IoP_sm.gif./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$/
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=100UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:23 GMTS379_"543aff-17b-26c89ac0"_ Thu, 07 Feb 2008 16:41:55 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionary{./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
7<EPSYbkmt| 6<GQqu g Yimage/gifO{GIF89a2 foo00oOO y@@ffppp ! , 2 dihlp,t
vNΛ @
A PǤI
"# ; wb7q bAn A ]ugw|X"
] k HX&]Z"]w"IWji
#^rIvY"nX c)hY "ywT*أ_oђ, X /m"lLbP@PD
Ѕ 70jȱǏ a ; _.http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/h_ejournals_sm.gifObplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _.http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/h_ejournals_sm.gif./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$ݜ
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=100UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:23 GMTS613_"3902a5-265-c39b4100"_ Thu, 05 Jul 2007 10:37:24 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionarye./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
=BKVY_hqsz
&<BMWw{ g
OeGIF89a O f3fe! , ڋH扦ʶ; %a~gzH 00Nud pAVu6nW/ x7f6HxŸI#3y5t`iugfh0`*
v(z*&gƻTy 09I,z\)ʔ::k5(;TZ;
$0JJe kPߏȎ?vKkw0 ``/th+
"ٚ-w
|+ )lsRf2"/bN
O&~`Gd->;6ijD XʳU8 -iqНP?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=99UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:24 GMTR82_"38687d-52-c39b4100"_ Thu, 05 Jul 2007 10:37:24 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionaryR./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
8=FQTZclnu}!6<GQqt g ORGIF89a Qffr]eig?8g_! , 'Dq/a@֜YX$) ;#$%_3http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/Titles/1751-8121-40.gifO bplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _3http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/Titles/1751-8121-40.gif./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$$
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=99UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:24 GMTT2143_"545954-85f-26d7dd00"_ Thu, 07 Feb 2008 16:41:56 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionary_./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
BGP[^dmvx
+@FQ[{ g O_GIF89aK fy얹pϠ⃬ ! , K dihlp,tmx|pH,Ȥrl:ШtJZجvzxL.zn|N~'
4
0i P 1
%$:
;
* 2$#9;&N/( "89O "B {P g 8
@ C H P||( *~zڂv7?$q \1hHAE(`PES$X@ "V\`
Y EBlLv+RТ90"ٛk DUD/ .Ac Z)E"ZNNDϟƖ] 'YL]dX<ഁO
K<0fRK tl8YKSq]4$||"E/"!VdМ -`@=vVh "UVqtV{8|htV4bE"v?'%
9rt9Մ 7!m -@`9 ! `SY%37:㏥lC# B,HCd ӗr%އ ^ F՛#lv \I t!ݩ¢YQEٌ 5[61J1gp%l#3`'@U>g w>^>i)p m& 3G疱0Z >KlK,eXtU ,4W?
{ y 0$D&K-m2" bFn F3$hZ h + R;0-4Y@Hq%tO܀K-Rnj$/5RI SEF颓O 0PR N5&-%5MDR;e$ٜ
fO[ VBl ƇI%L Qu~ 3CLE ɥNsE,c,"- o6G"%2La\(/ P
w$Bљ" ~A.sb.cv{d<
V7؊l#O+ D'SD G-"Nm1e l18㊓ۣl?&o?r&tDɟLR6^ /S E` є> gA+0 %h
X,vY?k6
L,,a GDir; >>"tQ Y<.1ҎNMBV<@Ww<,*g@E7I f2 '
J\8.
3(I&E?8ӹ It[LJ5DI * âB 4ZS9:Y%4s9JDTSe&W}cJ: E 7&hhz)t Gֳ5 %:A fbJ4WCUX0b1IƲuKOUvgSYq&E4wLYϢK
l)-R rگvYqlkoE]mp5-oK@6:]ܻV\W)mXj"bDcѐ [k S5@8Rwā3viCC`KG_Y`xsv0
p{G`n3ىVf)q lAcx1c],1 hX&;PL*[Xβ.{`L2hN6pL:! ;'()_&http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/_trans.gifObplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _&http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/_trans.gif./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=99UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:24 GMTR43_"386882-2b-c39b4100"_ Thu, 05 Jul 2007 10:37:24 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionary+./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
5:CNQW`ikrz 39DNnq g O+GIF89a ! , D ;+,-._(http://ej.iop.org/images/sixty/romao.jpgObplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _(http://ej.iop.org/images/sixty/romao.jpg./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$Mt
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=99UbytesZApache/2.0Zimage/jpeg_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:24 GMTU10109_"66a5eb-277d-a345b00"_ Fri, 21 Apr 2006 07:43:08 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionary'}./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
7<EPSYbkmt| 5;FQqw g Zimage/jpegO'} JFIF d d Ducky - Adobe d
,+++,1111111111
!! !!))())1111111111 , "
!1AQaq"2BR#br3$ScsT4& !1AQaq2"B# ? ާM8
@ 4pR z'HJ?ؠ9$Y'avf4@8hlmLVXGa{AWcoFaÊ U(Yh.A֊{ fCsH Jt_^1 #X9DG~Nm>G E ~2(k]Ha .҇ōḊ҇ˋLRN C?Fޭ WZ7 eLzy> 8ʃ a#Rhc~n-8]cMt
%w e u:f،n!j
ijf zegE@L4f DaA
[0amiך,?sd; CnvmR!r\-iP(vON( cK ŀ}{!1#H>
A`(F. ܂I JI:E
D]$ 'M@ Uo*(I 9uHO6Y9Nl1+>I JVVG#̄W|FzH zé2knBwE3Pkr ᐉ%sa'*gH6c7M>v}RxKV.k 鈇 X6 EV>CkÁ \?N xzձ{ f,T Ê w + ,q^Gm zb$;g\_ #H
R:Ih O[Vj)x:##{ KE<'itE>BHHh @w'P久EKH$N?ckL t@
)4:u S Cky J$)OڒCU%4 $Ā*SE,ǁ'Ni;y'h@:S͓+ jEz3:E#ˍ=]"9S] uYzEY?ַ깆uYaѷY W;?ؙWS8< + tP yBG:GI?24Xޗm{`OFS]
#9O#q:ay)q;(V٧-{a}=|os!k}6"mk
E]↜PK7Y2_̓{h@A.4R۶dB)]ܪ 䑰uGoH.k9rJhi1zkdV8T4^Up~2HcףuQ ƍx;O-Bc
drdBm,$5j CĥARƎ-TݐH8ЁP261}E|AҊ I7f }nU~cc q$-;51EM VQ[ӹ",nF h S8nI2@ݠrڀ/k5C(F'sicF҅I(Zo!Ҥ ]~ĕ$ pDtuv.gw xsgy=w.M'G &%j{:'HqE69ǐ@x=n1,&Y5
h0 2}<.T/"{q㿌:`<$>:`kG 'hɡ=
!ӁD
1iA~aMX6RlN4DЍ7wfgբDUCLPV|fɠiG v2DN#KEd3"*4dqѭ{J&E
< +T6n/ks$i|rpB(BsYMANZ MƉؤI״%?ܭioa5Wޏ- 2S#ؽ )9
ERbRX%@ۥUM +i{[UcfkĄ٣C*vZC"Bb+,N 4
{VNL8k4{X;@c+{ tM; ipݭI=5WJ+
K $һщޞ^5mzP@|Pr:.9v
Ӏ1pZ.dcc#hx: Qqs`4gԤaK&R`䪻rI+W4p!h5+ >XCQĮidv&
q]0FAp=WgU0| iut
s4 8m چoѠtL.#=
:-m~;1 b9lt !a%%h#Aia"LL\#1PIZ8a` ?!y7 |ɁS$TAk qP~ ;#d`47qx*(^mT җ)
ҡOȾqЪe- 5$dB0 y_68$%#@\;\@.8BrAf\iܻ,8mQs
peԴЁ~g÷r6_TPv+XIW5
qD3$ƔVVG |14XD Eؤx6棹;4SAl阡l-k .|bƖɧֿRAˌ07sa=q?
Mә#犁v\R[Sk}^ l4Ҁ4%*m˘tɪ+BS呺.p>X^;ٛ滈 /V=r. W+xQOÚ7nHj.ICK^ҚטG W=<`{cM4+NAڼh:IpCmcJn4[3l#hkEϳ6g~A 才B2V_UpʌR!y ТZEe9"-։4R%V4W UCh-dxݔ!DZmuH"u_ խnj4GbЈ̩ZG.k&.QWj:.CF+VWOs Mx, O( U8
!YJx fsiӹvQGf"L a<ں_ddBި ik{+rɯ L
f&
g$bud
lbȉmw(iAT G`+ -v ,/ ru$fsI I.Ph p<˿XREբ# {[eưG{y_㙘a%dŤw$h邐K'= 7d:2([q}AIڒ vLT Nj=E_O} ~,'7^O~\gxjb.8 Q(LmT5*[ ["nOᴺdZ!ѻA? vvl
}zLO>v& j]I$d|?h6;{h;\$o>g< :i1븠 pҽ&xY v[u5[2qm 7:9a{Zi\ZsZd`eqr=EimVɎEwV%t:7P
t3dBRZit6 }K rNe"Zx&kMRAzo#KgI DMF]Aj-'#pxNYe4zWŘ' ~Ʈ$橛DnaVXpό& gX*9 ]/m&jb6qGCh.sX5q60~~ <Hrd39 vSRE"oXʌR*rԈm֪QND`Rn!O~6ۍA^@aur8:-tg?S_>( 47c7٩+`z !ٮTRoi~ӽm:-J?Ww_NTuUcݜ倆yڢ8 2V$1m=tU#XhKG ڍ/^HG^$]=
])(I$@ A U$J& 6NUNBniO!ϳԱiئ
R)ǒx /DØ# fioJ
{>qiR)QKvL#tbi :3˥;M>KK'ۘA.w(\JLf
<ȌAYSk/6/OŘ3ITyouRM GӒ֧҅ Ę<4h^K*;^@;7bSŸ x _$
M]\BHA N ʎFf=fMbV6+Ҡa
s`+B/Z-'71=t
cI.: }chh9B hqH[r;ap#vڊӝ[LJV$ZTyMG &{pNI+U%%D I I|P8cRmaృE{'Kҧh ^{^.[MGk^ )BG٦Vi H/ 6bnuI,b
i$&ݸ.ns]&'RQJiڰ݃KE]Jq7
N>EW:&ݶStsIATňy) P
SJ)ph D@"EG'@7Zʊ%lU?1)U.|3k;BM}ET hBg:ZDR\\wD]Kp8bl(cQخpdMkZ(4G|PZkhR) !kh%u4|júEY. ;
τMq| ؎n,y,sxQmk_h P8 啋Mԩ&H@' RK/OI$MĤ;:] d X{K~brb1d>"<#W&P({t*6,&iA pBdJ0TE
)q]rtQ%1+ G
MZTmRDO!rcݮp+05iD0ǎEceḊއm[rñ_%ߴm(Rbl,f ZN$+TSغC9~ؤNMun6)15cs/<DV
֊U3
ϗVjeYHS?.{EπN%"'!m@$ӹ](jSE["VWч=-E
Zq\̌d bf%UuA L X]IRl19P(*7)̾zOM*&O-R&װc dK.2%CBdGԆ~8E.ch 5jQnI :I U2E$ E `<4~t^8vk _/z Tq̮<&kޣ]EKXz&1 V檗 & u4;$
L4+Jce1q+l|=.- O rj֜֞K&~/GYbFE!n3 4{2FW;ΥdM0.iR7w飐$E%Zך]T媠 T ҩ :/ RcZ(uTaDE*kڊu'NZ;MۼKJ7n֊T% oeˆÃ )e&94]gotU06xCLOƮƂ$ Zz9acRk+' ڢ#^ƽ 4IT$J7IAcnRu@niI2 jЫkJ*fcdōiXy1e|f"wыO/BnYx.ø]:M}4V HoSlujFL+ 8
i dY9.
xCC;Li0!XE6\ SiW>N A!.ܳO)5Ʈ5DN}#ʹ'rI!!0x !=X˝C ̭\XCuh9rV:ƖUvuE ▻6^~Z}0X?IkZXkCC OU%khKkj^Z_Pcm]1hIh UU[!c^#p;ȩWs@Aj
hku ,flr?k1bOSW:1ڈl^0֡L jj &IAcjPךdL+I] ԏ cz#ܑцNn^\LW|>E%2`[4}Pώԥ25'&cs /cV`i5 3twJlۭ xr
*U4FҨsj4rYFKh\jx\`KzM(~a nM`.pvLqF賱Asl9-Ht ,*M~Ͱ94椣f_^}&V kÂ]#PƏll
' Yu}w3 (WXe{mWgֽa nu{sN! ۹6 > ; .s^wqqsީohxD]*F6hq
/~|
{v\g|F'68կ]#Fq G.9ĽQf/Rq'G|f?w]_>6ɉ(9P;sdxU*Id&eu_q r&1O@C ,̙s6J#[\S g 0NJO|#>C9ƥ$ տ0GvD#,=.ީ _;E,5) *{?ٓ(,{U3+BMZ*&vL5 E(,Lm7
ǂ9 CBW+M3Y5%>
+ B/^<~sp=A0><8)FFCB~w=3 YC[rCvpoCDV\FG]BX,l2@|}.2zwfA'eYlsb;J淞in[SMkL/ol,/B>jNGw*&IKDޜh.7@4Z橒R
}p@rύ= H }kQ<Ȫx$97 W fOIcnrInrE
g 0U&Ħ+O~׆R33^G? Jc^AqrLĒM\=VLR!QhhL~馨iZ(ǚ ׂy':J&@2ijB%[9%;nOǬ_?zy)
,Nj$_A>XwF%:2JM+Р4S)
p1M mma٢n$VA@fL8X{ o Ȥ$012_(http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/t_select.gifObplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _(http://ej.iop.org/icons/EJ4/t_select.gif./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=98UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:24 GMTS345_"43322a-159-c39b4100"_ Thu, 05 Jul 2007 10:37:24 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionaryY./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
7<EPSYbkmt| 5;FPpt g OYGIF89ad fff|cff ! , d (0I8ͻ`(0 BA*Dvβ3>ELـYhnN@@
(YU͎֠KN:m@ @h|
~ VWRx{S Xx3
U^RkGak[?NVU;Y~aNd`Z MggQj[zwzmm}u f҇css~߉{uvh3nʏ@x BLٱ7[JXB 4 HF *l,шqpɲ˗0cʜI ;456_=http://banners.iop.org/icons/Banners/mst%2dNovember2000%2egifO bplist00
X$versionT$topY$archiverX$objects _WebResourceResponse_NSKeyedArchiver &,-3 45MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\M]^bcU$null
!"#$ %V$classR$3R$8S$10S$11R$5R$6R$4R$7R$2R$9R$0R$1
'()$+WNS.base[NS.relative _=http://banners.iop.org/icons/Banners/mst%2dNovember2000%2egif./01X$classesZ$classname12UNSURLXNSObject#A$Wp
6789CWNS.keysZNS.objects:;<=>?@AB
DEFGHIJKLZKeep-Alive]Accept-RangesVServer\Content-TypeTDate^Content-LengthTEtagZConnection]Last-Modified_timeout=15, max=100UbytesZApache/2.0Yimage/gif_ Tue, 26 Feb 2008 18:30:25 GMTU18932_"db55e-49f4-e0ee05c0"_ Thu, 08 Feb 2001 14:58:39 GMT./_``a2_NSMutableDictionary\NSDictionaryI./deef2_NSHTTPURLResponse]NSURLResponse ) 2 7 : P R d
LQZehnw '5KQ\f g OIGIF89a< ff??fff KKK333 ! NETSCAPE2.0 !( , < #dihlp,tmx|1 @ sh4l60xIxL.zn|N|\t胍Ed`a}\ TRaY]^}OzF"F\XKJ KK XGR]U_ g"JU
B
aI`}_
D"\
VTOVV~ }
H 8>C\4t6+}.>T' HC I5,Rı#L HiLJ1+8Itʤϟ@ &Ju&֥C1 ?xE '@4f%ŀV J6\@`v
`-Y^w]U\8 ExKnӊ]5kd伂 #0ssGoj uY~l VLZwʐ%l<7 OV_#+.PFu;2U HEG*H4m6 'X[_|\ pd
}`Lقaw i(WY
ၔɗńm(_ e
, b(Fpc_`Efqa(c"Xځiגd uL*T#
[N; DeL1b-X# Ofx>0g}):e6YhEcDY_Z.>zjc9Y@>ߕXXi[) $ޙ )qH_|dD VZB^b\B&
*B;W_`7 VF(d%g.iHYն*.tY@2H-H. uXbN.Zm-G\Ɵ9*t*
j.V;b仭 Ua!|0r
eK?+lN&\+XUe߲k*E c<_9 e۪6vlp5i1F}Mv|<ٶ5.ηd'ϽZH+ߙvwj^H]BK 5zR q+1= xxL" n;b*= : agaZq%)=j{
'kxNF6 i`
K9ci.\"e@~(2V0BtZ*]RPf9kW݂⣀
@3X|4F*Hܮ] eAM&QR!L}*l2¤%D C !7!(|cs߈g> >nOV e+rf88딏 :\Ҏbt 1 h{Ñ$ )+>#ZEj1 z"!ev#ބD&No N`GUJNNX!d&DS5n{2%~D1؊աVGm:,1 *(2=q |~d@%mJ6'
\xg@2duK*i`t""YF%@b
SdZf* L5ziz 7:Ggwvzx 0ypASZzT*R4ZFY0 PPz L 8W*qF q a1|GȗI\JKa\z.7A,PP!P!lC⬏ zTrY ȥcvꊂDk0p< * u5azŪrpjp
zI;{ʨ觥\)1`f%6e+=l[ ڭw gEj|r0Qu 5,HF* ]'ƊǧxA$wRˤIbvyF+ P / 8pc5q%0
Q! b"- <|Z!(qjeD 5ICx4Έ |JLR,'H; `{L ܫk =kغLm!Vڧ eb`AͦZ}C!t1~2 ӪLP%m[1횢`Z\a93q| 'u
̸A|~b]|>Z%$ \Q
|b}0=y͜^'#
!;̼ݰl"BY!B`ŚKا]ҽܜ}-@*pWt;}%i, 1i"$&!MZ[ ,ڧ ,~&W p*q?,"YM5"t!9u G!NaT ʽ
A[Zc ݃{!oֽ7 D*Zɪ'
-ۧxf Q0 +q&( Z{Cz)m=% U1}[\
K I0Ⱥol ;>y22C+# 0a' $ͺ|9
ݏ^bݛ(X-/.N#<
~oۏ
2b 4, %ٰ
7E?+_+ef\iuPL֯ R ~
Lj@bqYG`- hLu%}7C Ws + w ߩF Dqq8qч zZeio zcO\h_w,d)1!r?Wi_vD!O'?_wOIO/Rb?zݰz/qtɕ/|K ?% !( ,C )
dihp,tmx@cux0JÑxI aAE8mT)K*PpCZ
mp
~-
Z"> jr,z_ caFHK
I ,P9UU8\&"^ $b$e'h,l0$%zm5hfT Z@^ J6LO}*PƌbD dy^uڸaVt [MRWJ^6a!
ǂ}w( .MС+G3B<
`,m9 t
Ĉ aX}*z`3͘Ur `}L@oݵ 6F L!^DmR{!%+v- O ̡]fuY`Ec "^q0dL`,0!A fiY#e |b4W oR e5=fMm ( !CV ҝrY5~8ʗ.0b*J4&+4 \ dҦڋ|Z!z{qYگ|+kҦ"< K)~ 2@jWWFU\jK@i z uwAiFO1uQ04YH>rq^ikVXѽH>(U]+ i;w@tA 'O F(B.EYZ= V6M2PFl'p4ϕƜHMo
2:9M'L,Y1Ñ`vUwJM_ifu钇yLkc^5zi0H! Iz^s@<'
fSG:D %qH? bLL"HH2 2$0A7ir'Td$31pӝtL' >~~
@;q c !( ,C )
dihlp\lx|px #uey+/FB 'LgP
Ps#$j
(#+Z3ޞ"͌#& 팟#3%5y4P' uZ dcYĺzYDRh$APP` %8 r8Y5%{ +E [`@Rո$\
0 (]+( ]#um-
6V!EPSj]5+%2 "[4J6yܠZO !*E+"чM>Be3S Ik32'9wV ,F+ P` ('ȋk2( H#X x ﱣ8JK DHI4p`9b@O}!PYE],j4} `OEYX!ʂ \$teFKpdW P-4Q1dDw`Q #@Zq`#, v"+AF %qUd 1 1P f V&5cRl,@ yL͓ MH ;Lq $za=khQM
H~X{Ea* Y)$1RI5w#EwP=%
Ѫg7Gu:* (Ze?Vz)XJ_?_f? W!sNĈ 3Ұg#.B_~jTK+ MS 2Vg2m-bȚL_
cD=Hsʘ ]YǮq3!.C8CP} ѳXG##!QZU
H &tB" ĐR W}*$7;b98RhG\iU)j4ul(Tʌa,*&aN4.4p 9Hi3y{KTvs^xIXGH/4a
ʗJryO y"⎏ #6cN&V#q\!&AkIX1!rEҞ(Es&tdt` N@{ڿ ⾾H-*X>UQpHD$xEA/y$2 jA8a:! B5YiRObj5ewI4 @OD} 24(+Vσj8Bbh#
Dttԑ-?E5aUL%){$A0@V I2 )ΆUk *6Y8CK5)p{h:Ķ=l3E6m
~{? n
dR2La9R/29aE>#s0V= Z2)0!63Ԉ?P ; (x^ #w ]o)d[-]
}fVmnFqv^_{+}8^c
iu-riRhYg盷Y"^# EH _4 hƑQ 4DKuIC!hhHKBPV*^Xr C1i81
@lX͆=%AIMz``$)BR H$(
ۏ#7#HUGEO(p SF #:ڡ pki(Xpn ߢZ³8" l/Wb 9D9LGW <
. {Z-1z* D -MϺs# wVЗ0_)xhZ&mPdt^ a] !@@|=I7T
ar
xy r EPc);D_}R ` P$3\N.@n@[Ak\Z5 E ?fbI6VrFdĀ) e j&ogf}My9OQh k`u2W}uX)Y Jo AYeC9r ވE )R'hMe RLh
/bՇD >OlZz $,f̞oS^cnw>0]s _ cgS=`(v6@p@br}Qmϻ(8D% W*Z`m ɲMmSӚIJpӯa\L+{#7Ub,TPpχ}8eD5`ffV &`ؚ%%ԝoSK9ܧG& m
sҙg +
<佯ƛ{WK ND%YȌ_KD W+t\/SJ-ԟ=qsDԒ$NѩyP d(tiC A8%|[mkCnxj@({OӦ>Tg(OR$˵NL5 59JidXJ85,*1v3,wt /e]ENRi b 7.|@v(ZK̆&A}';âdmIj28Xn\/M[^p#o?fW2 6^C$QC QјC}]8.cɴpB8 8e~G(n<&0v2 ֨l5ʤYV^2od V->(GhiTa(D96"rel|@,\(w2xY WDgpo
v`pa2\2 b[ .Ǣ6
a$a {IH%@!?xeb>jn\9Q3L0x㶖6]>̠13#0 2HI x+RPR Vtu&II8D.+R 7pU"{[Bb XJW90`oX%.(_OZq̚U 1lT +Z !( , )
$dihl+tmxNB*X H,Ȕpl: b*.
*cHZAm|ÀLl*NVWtMR?c #b q&+wS}ZGLwXY'Wac
dg+iknN vW
S`-|~ S وׇ9慠'*xVߵBs>]PA{\ "6W<Iq +l`%xK1YH,- #p 0T 5PDM$D(tI8 ډZYՔ[Y,j |.tRKC)] 7nAS A@0. 쎁 Cc \.3
$ 3'\4 ȖA LrM ^h p/%p <} /9@3+K:GVV@Ѳ\˴")-:"T큉Z*hE1?0 |ujWqVh_b5 gͅDu& \B&L~咈O5 4#O4TJ/.f5- QVy É " iܕWn
0$6 1 I r &@g Q'!5
x
˜ZCDw5` lplV NRoK$$H *5,4BhWrw:d5'
i
fsȷ EEP|k cul+8"ښGٙg):]o 7H.!E,ؔ@f;v@ȷ[mY= m2}o75LAjR#7D}
;W1WףN.t "0Cy!WB5 G|``3pY1/~
|\zL+
j+9ƙ\0f@J;-ؙ|B & @M'À'A̠b
Z0 e AfB"a@\ ɄzC#&^-Q64
-c#P˝:֨GI!SJ 0ŇM>Ra0qʅ
XܽQ^ؔUQS"zRv!Q ^GazvPaeXZ` ό 9 0Mv܍m쒽?sb7@83'o`C3 0 D"z R B|\EhGj$xg䢕:e+ nwͫve / Z6ɴ,pd9&R&P+JQf∌XA*[|q $$ Uuc(!)((*>0hmY V8l
0,tUJ"!DUCu\bX 8fj-0ɖ%,C !( , )
$dihlp,A@pH,'(Jԑȵ .KV
腢 pb@~W} ?R #Q a*` mPR+ihp' y|rYGC|
SV+XZ]dq
hO-os~h z:"=&*h
v(}eIP e&ύ7PP G %`
D01Kq#bbILi!["ZGqjP83 ي~1%N G$KP@EM4"*I("iWy8%jgK"eş48 )3a= `h4r @)cI倃˗ ?HxnEx } jr
wOPNIpc2 HûC .o6xgVP6uqR 0}jq=&z
x(!
8)`Mc*S-B=J̗fU' uWvVZb@J]&k
8@+ 0x!_"X ȘH\0D m)\a(1[ʄh!s%KiHM rbi
)C"5`4m$ I 8J!ōD)x)imZ.tjvj*8!-z'p8+4 [`4j:- ۢC0fc
=`c?ZUEcc\Z̸专,!;'Lo4 @ʀ`nG
+,!{K6(Lpyd+N1HX86)}BU=г K~r^ldrF*~"b8
@ q+-Ӥs`
dUk;F aXJ[%_nyopP !M5rx,s D О{շXlL'< :"3(~P<*6pg(7G)ud`](I<,yx:dT$D8Jx)>$Qэ=cʿtxݱ図 job <ܿw
k(cbc
nsa@c#m
IZ#5&
`$t3l*)1 T.`q4oNr(=O4P aQX|ШGqV @@'- `UءY' ; S[80Fz$,>aLE$
d $4BFSd Y:p@ U(8=6HNwnlz U6pT (9撓҅t)#vw,C1ehGzPY&&B CG`P %p>%=YW(bl4KPrXa#*ŀ"L[!S<@NU >R922(U$iXqDA"T~^*\\
Mb !( , )
$dihlpB 8|pH,I@N ER^)'8 &uZ#/Ȉ%
g&xbeJ5:{eL,L ( RLL \ L:fbI7$@c"
M8A2W Y% ՛ IFW 8l>)B@LQL _Ƥ&2 le80Z4u65"V=7& `1{iA@ 7vL#t%E)B-ΣPtA9_#L&LP`R|WX= z !vs5
# `᱒IQ pGa^ " &@Y/bfE!ai/\VFn-eA$lDڧP )! 0?F h}ؑL2!0Z{S2 7
@x6r"H\X $k)@iEme e1l!IHBbZn !)ɘ(u0Rb9臋{# ءA$`Јx@
!v f[REb/ Ur;*3bk G Cy PZ YaeM 6F q{rLgGGdEa; w vc/3pT^g@)Y]t @$Jve]_ƺ`ºlw-0PaV K~A K^{Mj:@ .e:;00()বvF!L qB;Brbyw xZYJB,85+ x:JToGۢ{ ʾЀ%j62jIՀ7g
*ؗ1#Bx_@ɢm(., >dG:}㶭/ Df.UR9s@ 0hqK h "
ӵ]Y.0o"-I@2 )4qpTЇ3-N6L_`**hMa0 i[s@ p: #%FJ̎dL")T7IN[p \GuQ0_G Ԭa]kWcF~2"(o1K5D2 
User guide
